What does potential energy refer to?

Potential energy refers to the energy stored in an object due to its position or state. It is associated with the configuration of an object within a given system, particularly in relation to gravitational, elastic, or electric fields. For example, when an object is raised to a certain height above the ground, it accumulates gravitational potential energy because of the work done against the force of gravity. Similarly, a compressed spring has potential energy due to its stored elastic energy.

This concept is fundamental in understanding how energy can be transformed and transferred. In many scenarios, potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the object's position changes. For instance, when the raised object is allowed to fall, its potential energy converts into kinetic energy as it accelerates downward.

The other options represent different forms of energy: kinetic energy is associated with motion; thermal energy relates to the transfer of heat; and chemical energy is the energy stored in bonds between atoms and molecules. Understanding potential energy is crucial as it lays the groundwork for studying energy transformations in various physical systems.