What does solar energy utilize to generate power?

Solar energy generates power by harnessing sunlight, which can be converted into electricity or heat. This is primarily achieved through two technologies: solar panels (photovoltaic cells) and solar thermal systems.

In photovoltaic cells, sunlight is converted directly into electricity. When sunlight strikes the solar panels, it excites electrons in the material, creating an electric current. On the other hand, solar thermal systems capture sunlight to heat a fluid, which is then used to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator.

This process takes advantage of the abundant and renewable nature of sunlight, making it a sustainable energy source with minimal environmental impact compared to fossil fuels.