What is the primary function of photovoltaic cells?

Photovoltaic cells, commonly known as solar cells, are primarily designed to convert light energy, specifically sunlight, into electrical energy. This process occurs through the photovoltaic effect, where certain materials, typically semiconductors like silicon, absorb photons from sunlight and release electrons. This flow of electrons creates an electric current, which can then be harnessed for power.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary function of photovoltaic cells. Generating heat energy involves different technologies, like solar thermal systems. Storing electrical energy is associated with batteries, which are separate from the function of photovoltaic cells themselves. Producing chemical energy typically refers to processes like photosynthesis or fuel cells, not the direct conversion of light to electricity. Therefore, the ability of photovoltaic cells to convert light energy into electrical energy is their defining characteristic.