What is the process called that plants use to convert light energy into biomass?

Photosynthesis is the process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the form of biomass. During photosynthesis, plants utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced serves as an essential energy source for the plant's growth and development, contributing to the formation of new tissues—essentially increasing the plant's biomass.

The significance of this process cannot be overstated, as it forms the foundation of the food chain, providing energy for other organisms. Without photosynthesis, plants could not produce the necessary organic compounds that serve as energy sources for herbivores and, subsequently, carnivores. This underscores the critical role plants play in ecosystems, not just in their own growth but also in supporting life across various habitats.